In our present study, we shall discuss how ozone layer depletion is affecting human health and we shall also discuss some recommendations to minimize ozone depletion and its adverse effects on human health. The highest level of ozone is found in stratosphere which form a layer called as ozone layer which is found between 10 kilometer to 50 kilometer above the surface. Frequently asked questions about the ozone layer ozone. Apr 18, 2019 the ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Increased depletion has recently started occurring over the arctic as well. In this paper we will attempt to examine the relationship between global warming and ozone layer depletion, subsequently try to look at the possible solutions. Ozone in the ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. One example of ozone depletion is the annual ozone hole over antarctica that has occurred during the antarctic spring since the early 1980s. Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. Ozone is a blue colored stinking gas made up of three oxygen molecules which are isotope.
Basic ozone layer science ozone layer protection us epa. The main things that lead to destruction of the ozone gas in the ozone layer. Ozone hole ozone depletion at south pole polar vortex and ozone depletion are two distinct but related phenomena. The ozone layer is found in the upper stratosphere and its primary function is to filter ultraviolet short wave radiation that comes from the sun. Write short note on ozone depletion and global warming. In spite of being in such a small proportion, the ozone plays a major role in. The earths atmosphere is composed of several layers. Ozone depletion simple english wikipedia, the free. It will magnify the effects of ultraviolet rays on human health. There is a steady decline of about 4% in the total volume of ozone in earths stratosphere. Stratospheric ozone protection awards since 1990, epa has recognized outstanding achievement in ozone layer protection. The sensitivity of polar ozone depletion to proposed. Pdf there are many situations where human activities have significant effects on the environment.
Quantifying contributions of chlorofluorocarbon banks to. It filter out the shorter wavelength of light which are less than 320 nano meter which are coming from the sun that would be harmful to the life form on the earth in large doses. The depletion of the ozone layer 1593 words 7 pages. Solomon and albritton, 1992 as a measure of the effectiveness of a given compound in removing ozone, relative to a standard compound, which is taken to be cfc11. Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. The recognition of the dangers presented by chlorine and bromine to the ozone layer spawned an international effort to restrict the production and the use of cfcs and other halocarbons. The increase in the levels of uv rays lead to high rate of skin cancer and eye related problems. Effects of ozone depletion for humans and the environment. Ozone layer the ozone layer is basically naturally occurring gas in the region of stratosphere where ozone particles are accumulated 2. We use an empirical relationship between ozone depletion and. The latest satellite measurement indicates an ozone loss at the rate of 8% just above the south pole, at the centre of the ozone hole, 5% of the protective gas is depleting each day. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a. Ozone hole notes shankar environment book revision or short notes desire ias posted on 24122018 by desire ias.
Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. The cause of ozone layer depletion are discussed below. Timeline of stratospheric ozone depletion and observations. This is not really a hole through the ozone layer, but rather a large area of the stratosphere with extremely low amounts of ozone. Apr 11, 2020 the thinning or reduction of ozone depletion is most prominent in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Depletion begins when cfcs get into the stratosphere. It is found largely in the stratosphere that extends from about 6 km at the poles and 17 km at the equator to about 50 km above the earths surface. Pdf atmospheric ozone layer depletion and its impact. Ozone depletion over india with so much worry about the rapid ozone depletion taking place in various parts of the earth, indian scientists are closely monitoring the ozone layer over india for possible depletion trends.
Desire ias desire ias previously known as justupscexam started as a youtube channel with the goal of providing free quality content to aspirants of civil services examination at all the three levels preliminary test, main examination and personality test. Prolonged exposure to uvb radiation is linked to skin cancer. Ozone layer depletion, is simply the wearing out reduction of the amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Ozone depletion ozone depletion ozone layer recovery. Notes on ozone layer grade 10 science the atmosphere. Information on exposure to gases and vapors from synthetic. Jul, 2017 ozone layer depletion the emission of ods account for roughly 90% of total depletion of ozone layer in stratosphere. Humans have introduced gases and chemicals into the atmosphere that have rapidly depleted the ozone layer in the last century. In determining that the depletion of the ozone layer is bad for the humans, plants, and animals.
Find answers to frequently asked questions about the ozone layer, ozone depletion, and the effects of ozone depletion on health and the environment. Ozone layer depletion is the thinning of the ozone layer present in the atmosphere. It sets binding obligations for countries to phase out production of all the major ozone depleting substances. Let us see some of the important causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. Data shows that stratospheric concentrations of ozone. Ozone depletion is largely a result of manmade substances. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of earths stratosphere that absorbs most of the suns ultraviolet radiation.
Nearly 500 organizations, teams, and individuals from 40 countries have received stratospheric ozone protection awards for their exceptional leadership, personal dedication, and technical achievements. The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. The term ozone depletion can refer to a number of distinct, but related phenomena. Ozone layer depletion fueled by falling temperature in the stratosphere can be termed as yet another hazardous effect of global warming on the earth. Ozone is a gas that is present in the ozone layer in the stratosphere of the earth. The lowest layer, the troposphere tropospherethe region of the atmosphere closest to the earth. Depletion to ozone layer depletion does not affect a region or a country. As the result the local climate will be changed, beside this the level of the sea will be increased. There, it will absorb almost all ultraviolet light which is harmful to many organisms. In 7 to 10 years, they reach the stratosphere, and destroy ozone molecules and remain for 75 to years, continuing all the while to break down additional ozone molecules. It is present in traces less than 1 ppm in the atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion ozone layer depletion is the gradual thinning of the earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused due tho release of chemical compounds containing gaseous bromine or chlorine from industries or other human activities. An ozone hole has developed over the antarctic each summer for the last 2 decades. Ozone depletion facts and information national geographic.
This band of ozonerich air is known as the ozone layer. Stratospheric ozone depletion leads to an increase in uvb that reach the earths surface, where it can disrupt biological processes and damage a number of materials. It was agreed on 16 september 1987, and entered into force on 1 january 1989. Global actions have demonstrably avoided a world in which large ozone losses would have become widespread 1 and there are signs that the ozone layer is. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. The 1987 montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer began the phaseout of cfcs in 1993 and sought to achieve a 50 percent reduction in. Most ozone is found in the stratosphere upper part of the atmosphere, more than 10 to 16 kms from the surface of the earth. The ozone layer is a layer of ozone high up in the earths atmosphere stratosphere, between approximately 10 kilometres and 50 kilometres above earths surface. The hole in the ozone layer was first noted in the 1980s, and is of concern as increased levels of uv radiation can leads to increased levels of skin cancer and eye cataracts.
Short paragraph on harmful effects of ozone layer depletion. Both are essential for life but air also protects all of us and it is therefore understandable that the response to the depletion of the ozone layer became international. Ozone layer depletion daily current affair article for. One chlorine can destroy 100,000 molecules of ozone. It contains high concentration of ozone o 3 in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. Health and environmental effects of ozone depletion since the ozone layer absorbs uvb ultraviolet light from the sun, ozone layer depletion is expected to increase surface uvb levels, which could lead to damage, including increases in skin cancer.
The layers which occupy the lower part of the atmosphere removes the unwanted pollutants from the earths surface. The density of ozone gas is not the same in the air. Newly detected ozonedepleting substances in the atmosphere pdf. Ozone layer depletion causes increased uv radiation levels at the earths surface, which is damaging to human health. Levels of atmospheric ozone have decreased dramatically across the world since the mid 1900s. Lets have a look at some of the solutions to ozone layer depletion. It is with sadness that we note the passing of the following scientists who have played leading roles in.
Ozone layer simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Monthly averages for october of the distribution of total ozone. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions 7. However, this ozone layer is destroyed by cfc gases, which are used in aerosol cans, refrigerators, air conditioners, industrial solvents, etc. Chapter ozone depletion potentials, global warming. The use of cfc s is one of the main reasons for the depletion of the layer.
The presence of the gas is the best in the air which is closed to the earth surface. It is also used as an industrial solvent, foam products and as hospital sterilization equipment. The ozone layer resides in the stratospheric layer of the earths atmosphere. Ozone layer depletion the emission of ods account for roughly 90% of total depletion of ozone layer in stratosphere. Ozone depletion is the process of destruction of the ozone layer which can cause adverse effects on the living forms by many pollutants releases out from the vehicles, industries etc. Peak levels of ozonedepleting compounds are expected at stratospheric altitudes in the late 1990s. Hole in the ozonewas created by chemicals layer has been caused bylike cfc. The density of ozone gas in the greatest within 1530 km of stratosphere. Negative effects include increases in certain types of skin cancers, eye cataracts and immune deficiency disorders. The ozone is a layer of gases in the stratosphere, which is a thick 20 km thick, to be precise layer of gas that rests about 3050 km above the surface of the earth. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities.
Concentrations of ozonedepleting substances are expected to decline over the. Ozone depletion potential an overview sciencedirect topics. A layer of ozone in the lower stratosphere protects all life on earth from harmful ultraviolet uv radiation. Update on ozonedepleting substances odss and other gases of. Ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layerby phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible forozone depletion. In fact whole world is vulnerable to its after affects. Ozone depletion could potentially allow enough uv radiation to reach earth to damage all living things not submerged under several feet of water. The severe depletion of the ozone layer in any particular area is called ozone hole. Low temperatures, increase in the level of chlorine and bromine gases in the upper stratosphere are some of the reasons that leads to ozone layer depletion.
The treaty is structured around several groups of halogenated hydrocarbonsthat deplete stratospheric. List of books and articles about ozone layer online. Reducing the use of ozone depletion substances ods. Ozone layer importance, depletion, effects and protection of ozone layer may 23, 2019 author chemistry, geology and astronomy 0 ozone is a paleblue gas that forms a layer in the stratosphere of our atmosphere called ozone layer. The contribution to stratospheric chlorine of shortlived chlo. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer caused by the. It is mainly made up of ozone gases, and the key gas is o3 which is made of molecules consisting of three oxygen atoms all bonded together.
The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. Introduction the ozone layer university of richmond. Ozone depletion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Due to ozone layer depletion, ultra violet rays of the sun may fall directly on the earths surface which may cause skin inflammation, different types of cancer, loss of immunity. Stratospheric ozone depletion leads to an increase in uvb that reach the earths surface, where it can disrupt biological processes and damage a number of materials the fact that uvb can cause biological effects is well demonstrated by the familiar sunburn that follows overexposure to the sun. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 montreal protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. Pdf this study was conducted at university of gujrat during. Generally, we find thinning or depletion of the ozone layer to the extent of ozone hole creation over the southern pole i. They are usually used as a coolant in refrigerators and air conditioners used in cars etc. Mar 21, 2020 ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Let us have a detailed look at the various causes and effects of ozone layer depletion. It was agreed on 16th september 1987, and entered into force on 1st january 1989. The causes, mechanism and bioeffects of ozone layer depletion on humans were addressed.
This layer absorbs the radiations and prohibits them from entering the outer surface of the earth. The concept of ozone depletion potential odp is widely used wuebbles et al. In 7 to 10 years, they reach the stratosphere, and destroy ozone molecules and. This layer absorbs between 93 and 99 per cent of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun. If the ultra violet rays of sun reaches directly to the earth surface, the temperature of the lower atmosphere will be increased. A brief summary of what the ozone is and how its being depleted. Postnotes are intended to give members an overview of issues arising from science and technology. Environmental chemistry 401 carbon dioxide crosses the delicate proportion of 0. May 02, 2015 harmful effects of ozone layer depletion. Depletion of stratospheric ozone o3, as commonly known as the hole in the ozone layer, is an issue of international concern. While the antarctic ozone hole has a relatively small effect on global ozone, the. Ozone layer depletion is one of the major environmental issues which is getting thinner day by day as a result of increasing pollution.
Short exposure to uvb radiations can cause the dna damage because uv. Global warming and ozone layer depletion are two different problems see the sidebar misconceptions about global atmospheric change on page 95. In reality, the american sst program was canceled, and only a small. The large burden of sulfate aerosols injected into the stratosphere by the eruption of mount pinatubo in 1991 cooled earth and enhanced the destruction of polar ozone in the subsequent few years.
Besides carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases are methane, water vapour, nitrous oxide, cfcs and ozone. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earths ozone layer caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. This happens when the chlorine and bromine atoms in the atmosphere come in contact with ozone and destroy the ozone molecules. This depletion makes humans more vulnerable to the uvb rays which are known to cause skin cancer as well as other genetic deformities. Pdf causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on. Earths ozone layer is healing as a huge reduction in damaging chemicals in the atmosphere reverses some troubling changes in air currents around the southern hemisphere. The ozone layer is a layer 10 meters above earths surface. The troposphere extends from the surface up to about 10 km in altitude, although this height varies with latitude. Global warming is caused by the greenhouse effect, which is essential to life as we know it on planet earth. The increase of ultraviolet light due to depletion of the ozone layer will not only have adverse health effects, such as. Earths ozone layer is healing due to a reduction in. The natural distribution of ozone around the earth is. The main cause of ozone depletion and the ozone hole is manufactured.
1467 424 1154 1192 628 1564 1428 1559 1552 1602 995 498 1627 1596 13 1368 214 1022 418 1257 1068 1431 917 56 923 361 1432 911 640 733